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Gene Editing, Misuse, And Dual Use

Genome editing has the potential for both misuse and dual use. For instance, CRISPR-Cas9 could be used to create so-called ‘super soldiers’, or to enhance the virulence or resistance of harmful pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria, making them more virulent or resistant to existing treatments. The modified pathogens could then be released intentionally to cause widespread illness or even fatalities among targeted populations.

Misuse refers to the intentional or unintentional application of a technology, knowledge, or material for harmful or unethical purposes. This can involve the deliberate use of a tool or resource in a manner that causes harm, such as the development of biological weapons using biotechnological research, or the exploitation of vulnerabilities in computer systems for cyberattacks.

Dual use refers to the inherent potential of certain technologies, knowledge, or materials to be used for both beneficial and harmful purposes. It is often discussed in the context of scientific research, where advances intended for peaceful or beneficial purposes could also be misused for malicious or destructive ends. Unlike misuse, which involves the actual application of a technology for harm, dual use focuses on the inherent characteristics of the technology itself, recognising that the same advancements or capabilities that enable beneficial applications may also be exploited for harmful ends. 

Gene editing might also be used to weaponize gene drives to destroy the crops of an enemy as has been highlighted by the DARPA Insect Allies Program.